Essay about THE BLACK DEATH - 660 Words

The Bubonic Plague, more commonly referred to as the quot;Black Death,quot; ravaged Europe between the years 1347 and 1350. During this short period, 25 million people, one third of Europes population at the time, were killed. Thousands of people died each week and dead bodies littered the streets. Once a family member had contracted the disease, the entire household was doomed to die. Parents abandoned their children, and parent-less children roamed the streets in search for food. Victims, delirious with pain, often lost their sanity. Life was in total chaos. The Plague was a disaster without a parallel, causing dramatic changes in medieval Europe. Coming out of the East, the Black Death reached the shores of Italy in the spring of†¦show more content†¦As their rodent hosts died out, the fleas migrated to the bodies of humans and infected them in the same fashion as they had the rats, and so the plague spread In the text, there were several ideas on how the Black Death actually developed. The first document, written by Ibn Khaldun, described the plague in the best detail. The most common belief was that God had sent the plague and that it was his punishment for the sins humankind had committed. Even innocent people, such as infants, had to suffer for the horrible crimes of others. The church was quick to condemn gambling, excessive drinking, the immodesty of women and the laziness of peasants. Guilt lay upon every mans heart. Therefore it was only natural that the first measures taken against the plague were the confession of all sins and prayer for forgiveness. Learned men and women, who did not believe that the plague was sent by god or superstitions, attempted to come up with a more logical explanation. Some thought that a â€Å"mysterious poisonous cloud† gradually moving across Europe brought the plague. Finally, the most extreme explanation involved the changing of seasons an d the conjunctions of the planets. The weather had been affected by the altered seasons, which was in connection to the conjunction of Mars and Jupiter. The hot and wet planet of Jupiter, when combined with the anger of Mars, created pestilent vapors. The wind on Earth thenShow MoreRelatedThe Black Of Black Death939 Words   |  4 Pageshistory few events seem as cataclysmic as the Black Death. The Black Death was actually one of the most deadly pandemics in human history. This awful pandemics most devastating time in Europe was between 1348 and 1350. According to some estimates it wiped out at least two-thirds of Europe’s population. A Malmesbury monk from Wiltshire wrote that, â€Å"Over England as a whole a fifth og men, women and children were carried to the grave.† (James â€Å"Black Death: The lasting impact†) Many epidemiologists stillRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death, one of the greatest natural disaster to hit Europe thus causing the death of many people in the most horrific manner and cause the end of feudalism. This was a disaster that affected one third of the European continent and also one that no one was prepared to face. It killed more people than during a war and it impacted simple lives of people, their culture, religion and the economy as a whole. The origin of The Black Death has several explanations. Some people said The Black DeathRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death905 Words   |  4 Pagesgrew were dying. On the wake of these seven distressing years of weather and famine was the greatest plague of all times, The Black Death. In 1347 AD, The Black Death began spreading throughout Western Europe. Over the time span of three years, the widespread epidemic killed one third of the population in Europe with pretty near twenty five million people dead. The Black Death killed many more Europeans than any other endemic or war up to that time, vastly impacting the Church, the people, and the economyRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death was a very important time in history and, while devastating, it led to many advances in medicine due to the mass spread of a new deadly disease. The 14th Century encompassed the time period of January 1, 1301 to December 31, 1400. When this disease struc k, Ole J. Benedictow calculates that it killed about 50 million people in Europe alone, which was about 60% of Europe’s population at the time. That being said, the Black Death, often referred to as the Bubonic Plague, clocked inRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death2017 Words   |  9 PagesThe Black Death The pandemic known to history as the Black Death was one of the world’s worst natural disasters in history. It was a critical time for many as the plague hit Europe and â€Å"devastated the Western world from 1347 to 1351, killing 25%-50% of Europe’s population and causing or accelerating marked political, economic, social, and cultural changes.† The plague made an unforgettable impact on the history of the West. It is believed to have originated somewhere in the steppes of central AsiaRead MoreThe Black Death1386 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly all of the people in its way. The Black Death had a lot of gruesome and terrifying symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Certain people were more likely to acquire the Black Death than others. Since peasants had worse l iving conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch theRead MoreThe Black Death1386 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly all of the people in its way. The Black Death had a lot of gruesome and terrifying symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Certain people were more likely to acquire the Black Death than others. Since peasants had worse living conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch theRead MoreThe Black Death1349 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly all of the people in its way. The Black Death had a lot of gruesome and scary symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Certain people were more likely to acquire the Black Death than others. Since peasants had worse living conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch the PlagueRead MoreThe Black Death831 Words   |  4 PagesTHE BLACK DEATH! What Is The Black Death? The Black Death is a disease that went on for over 5 years. It also spread around a wide range of places! It killled and harmed thousands upon thousands of people and had no mercy. If you were to sadly catch the Black Death, you would DEFINITELY die and there was many cures and causes however none of the causes actually worked also all of causes were thought to be a punishment from God. Once you knew you had the Black DeathRead MoreThe Black Death1203 Words   |  5 PagesWhat were the short term and long term impacts of the Black Death on Medieval society? The Black Death is one of the most fatal diseases in human history and took its peak in Europe from 1348 to 1350. Half of Europe’s population was wiped out due to this disease and the short and long term impacts greatly affected the structure of Medieval Society. The Black Death or otherwise known as the plague was thought to have begun in Central Asia, which spread down the Silk Road and eventually to Europe

A Brief Note On Unfair Police On The American Criminal...

Unfair police lineups have become a rising issue in the American criminal justice system in recent years. More specifically, unfair police lineups have made witnesses and victims more susceptible to confuse innocent and guilty suspects in a criminal trial. There is a series of research and experimental research that has been done on this topic in recent years that have proven this hypothesis to hold true in many cases. Some research suggests that often times, the witness or identifier on the stand in a trial, does not necessarily â€Å"confuse† the suspect in the lineup, rather he or she makes a faulty decision based on his own biased opinions. Whether the victim or the person identifying the accuser is bias about physical appearance, verbal resonance, or another personal reason, it has been proven to be extremely unfair for those people involved in police lineups who are truly innocent. The research that was examined in this study compared fair lineups with unfair lineups and as a result, the two data corresponded with one another when analyzed. The hypothesis in this instance is that unfair police lineups make witnesses more likely to confuse innocent and guilty suspects. After further studying the provided research on this respective topic, it is stated that a typical police lineup is made up of an un-predetermined number of possible â€Å"suspects† with one obviously being the true suspect who is guilty of said crime. The other people who are a part of the lineup are in no wayShow MoreRelatedThe Rules of Evidence Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesEvidence† or â€Å"The Law of Evidence.† These rules create a safe and orderly environment, promote efficiency, and enhance the quality of evidence that pertain to all criminal trials. These rules restrict what a jury can and cannot hear or see, details of the law, and the importance of the effective performance of the law enforcement officer. Americans are well aware of the rules that govern evidence; but what are they, what do they mean, how do they apply to ea ch case, and how are they broken down. The rulesRead MoreLiving From Death Row By Mumia Abu Jamal1817 Words   |  8 PagesThe Book is written by a former radio reporter, Mumia Abu-Jamal who, during the time in the book is in a Pennsylvania prison awaiting his execution. He was convicted and sentenced to death in 1982 for the murder of a Philadelphia police officer. Live from Death Row is a collection of writings while he was in prison which tells a passionate and emotional account of the brutalities and humiliations of prison life. He explains the rules and regulations and day to day life in prison, on death row. HeRead MoreUnited States V. Arizona14319 Words   |  58 Pageswarrantless arrests where there is probable cause to believe that the alien is removable. President Barak Obama, vehemently opposed to the bill, said that such legislation â€Å"undermines basic notions of fairness that we cherish as Americans, as well as the trust between police and their communities that is so crucial to keeping us safe.† Supporters reply that the law is constitutional and necessary to fight immigration concerns specific to the border state of Arizona. Shortly after its enactment, theRead MoreMedia Law: Defamation, Copyright, Etc23627 Words   |  95 Pagesannoyance. Nor does the fact something is wrong necessarily mean it is defamatory. Note that the standard of opinion is that of ordinary or right thinking people generally. So, in Mawe v Piggott (1869) I.R.4 C.L. 54, the Court rejected a claim by an Irish Priest suing for words charging him with being an informer against a certain class of Irish criminals. The priest argued that, amongst criminals or those who sympathised with crime, it would expose a person to great odium to represent himRead MoreMedia Law: Defamation, Copyright, Etc23639 Words   |  95 Pagesannoyance. Nor does the fact something is wrong necessarily mean it is defamatory. Note that the standard of opinion is that of ordinary or right thinking people generally. So, in Mawe v Piggott (1869) I.R.4 C.L. 54, the Court rejected a claim by an Irish Priest suing for words charging him with being an informer against a certain class of Irish criminals. The priest argued that, amongst criminals or those who sympathised with crime, it would expose a person to great odium to represent himRead MoreThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India19963 Words   |  80 Pagesregulatory framework and governance practices. White Collar Crime-Definitional Issues Economic crimes in its wide ambit also includes white collar crimes because of the diverse nature of its component activities, is incapable of simple definition. American Sociologist Edwin Sutherland first coined the phrase, â€Å"White Collar Criminality† which he described as ‘a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status, in the course of his occupation. However this definition is restrictiveRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage and Religion: An Inappropriate Relationship8330 Words   |  34 PagesReligion: An Inappropriate Relationship Brittney Baker Key words, names, terms, concepts: California s Proposition 8, Prop 8; morals legislation; same-sex marriage, gay marriage; religion, religion and politics; separation of church and state; police powers; equal citizenship, equality; 2008 election. Introduction and Thesis The debate over same-sex marriage has been a prominent issue in our society over many years now, appearing in several ballot initiatives such as California s PropositionRead MorePopular Culture and Violent Behavior Essay11795 Words   |  48 Pagesin which I aim to highlight revealing studies which prove the connection in my hypothesis and also the counter arguments which give evidence against that of research which proves the link between violence and popular culture . A Brief History of Popular culture Historically (until the 19th century, at least) the term popular was quite a negative expression, with overtones of vulgarity and triviality. It was something not nice or respectable. In the modernRead MoreThe Case of the Unhealthy Hospital: Blake Memorial Hospital6939 Words   |  28 Pagesmanagement at the Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service at New York University. He is the author of numerous books and articles on health care management, including Really Managing: The Work of Effective CEOs in Large Health Organizations (American College of Health Care Administrators, 1988). HBR’s cases are derived from the experiences of real companies and real people. As written, they are hypothetical, and the names used are fictitious. drifted back to his first visit to the Lorris housingRead MoreAuditing Cases22626 Words   |  91 Pagesto dictate prices and volumes sold. As part of this pro cess, the government required that pipeline companies provide â€Å"open access† to their pipelines to other companies wanting to transport natural gas, so that pipeline companies would not have an unfair competitive advantage.5 Enron’s Natural Gas Pipeline Business Enron adapted by providing open access to its pipelines—that is, charging other firms for the right to use them. It also took advantage of the ability to gain open access to pipelines

Management Strength of TOWS Matrix Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Management Strength of TOWS Matrix. Answer: Strength of TOWS Matrix The main strength of TOWS Matrix is that it can be used as a structural planning tool which helps in determining the threats, opportunities, weakness, and strength for a company (Bohari, Hin and Fuad, 2017). This tool is essential for identifying the external and internal aspects of the surroundings of the organization in order to achieve the desired goals. Weakness of TOWS Matrix The main weakness of TOWS Matrix is that this tool fails to prioritize issues and does not always provide appropriate solution or decisions that can benefit the organization (David, David and David, 2017). Furthermore, these tools can help in generating many ideas but at the end fails to choose the best among them. Strength of Porters Generic Strategy The main strength of Porters Generic Strategy is that it helps the organization to determine the difference between the product and services which is also essential in order to achieve the competitive advantage (Sitnikov et al. 2015). This tool provides three generic strategies like cost leadership, focus and differentiation to attain competitive advantage. Weakness of Porter Generic Strategy The weakness of Porter Generic Strategy is that there is always a risk of loyalty issues with customers (Wicker et al. 2015). Moreover, the organizations who apply this strategy have limited opportunity to grow as it only focuses on a constricted scale. References Bohari, A.M., Hin, C.W. and Fuad, N., 2017. The competitiveness of halal food industry in Malaysia: A SWOT-ICT analysis.Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space,9(1), pp.141-158. David, M.E., David, F.R. and David, F.R., 2017. The quantitative strategic planning matrix: a new marketing tool.Journal of Strategic Marketing,25(4), pp.342-352. Sitnikov, C., Vasilescu, L., Ogarca, R. and Tudor, S., 2015. Matrix Model for Choosing Green Marketing Sustainable Strategic Alternatives.Amfiteatru Economic,17(40), p.909. Wicker, P., Soebbing, B.P., Feiler, S. and Breuer, C., 2015. The effect of Porter's generic strategies on organizational problems of non-profit sports clubs.European Journal for Sport and Society,12(3), pp.281-307.

Rondell Data Corporation

How has growth affected Rondell? It should be known that Rondell Data Corporation was founded in 1920. As a matter of fact, the company was founded by Bob Rondell. In this case, the company’s core pillar has been the invention of important electrical testing devices. Growth has made the company to reinvent itself as time goes by because of the ever changing business environment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rondell Data Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company has increased its business meaning that new products have been designed and invented. All along, because of the desire to grow, the company has established a good reputation. This is as far as coming up with good and innovative products is concerned. Growth has made the company to come up with two lines of products which are data transmission and broadcast equipment. There is a lot of demand in the market for data transmission and this is what the company has capitalized on for growth. The company’s sales have been increasing as time goes by thereby bringing in a new focus to its organizational structure. This means that the company growth has been affected by the turn of events in the market. As a matter of fact, the company’s organizational structure has come into focus because of the need for growth. What are the sources of conflict at Rondell? Rondell has been having conflicts that have been increasing as time goes by. In this case, the source of conflicts in the company can be traced from disputes between different departments. Over the last few years, there have been disputes between the production, engineering and research staff which has increased conflicts as time goes by. Most of these disputes revolve around the idea of introducing new products in the market. As far as such a problem is concerned, we can mainly focus on the engineering department. It should be known that there have be en communication problems between the management and departments which can also be said to be the main source of conflict. The company has an outdated organizational structure that has also contributed to conflict in a broad way. This is a large company that needs a cohesive and well organized structure but this has been lacking thereby fueling conflicts.  The chain of command at Rondell is not well known which has left many things unattended to thereby leading to conflict.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because departments have been growing thereby justifying the need for restructuring which has not been done. The rate at which interactions are done within the organization has been changing but this has not been reflected within the organizations structures thereby leading to conflict. As a matter of fact, an irregular expansion can also be said to be the main so urce of conflict. A clear vision or purpose within the organization has been lacking in recent years and this can also be said to be a source of conflict. In this case, the engineering department is supposed to be busy with the development of new products but they have abdicated this role by managing disparate components yet this is not their job. In such cases, it is quite obvious that there will be conflicts as time goes by. Describe the organizational design at Rondell and the changes you believe they must make Rondell is well known for having a rather outdated organizational structure that needs to be reviewed. The company’s organizational structure is based on various beliefs. Such an aspect includes the length of employment and others. Rondell uses an informal organizational structure that has been synonymous with it. As a matter of fact, the company has various cultural units that are housed together. Production at Rondell is mostly isolated. The company has a blame dr iven culture and this is because of the organization structure that it relies on to execute its business. All in all, the organizational structure at Rondell relies on proper execution of duties and this has been behind its success. There are various changes that the company is supposed to make for long term sustainability.  The company’s development cycle is supposed to be reviewed because it has always caused a strain on customer demand. As a matter of fact, delays and a decrease in customer demand can be squarely blamed on this. Some of the business that the company is doing is not profitable and this should be looked into. Rondell is mostly obsessed with the technical aspect of its business which it has done at the expense of others. The company’s organizational structure has made it hard for it to meet customer demands on time. As a matter of fact, this has always hindered its ability to ship on time which needs to be reviewed. Did Frank Forbus deserve to be fir ed or was he a convenient â€Å"fall guy†? Frank Forbus was hired to effect some changes but found himself at the center of the company’s problems. In this case, he did not deserve to be fired because he was not the problem but rather he was exposed to the conflicting demands of various departments. As a matter of fact, the management could have moved in to stop this problems and conflicts instead of firing Forbus.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rondell Data Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Forbus was mainly fired because he was protesting at other departments and this something that could have been sorted out by the management. It is evident that departments are not coexisting well and this is a fact and reality that should not be ignored. Forbus did not share the company’s traditional approach to management and that is why he could not augur well with the rest of the organizat ion. This essay on Rondell Data Corporation was written and submitted by user Bast10n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The effects of the evolution of the tennis racquet Essay Example

The effects of the evolution of the tennis racquet Essay Example The effects of the evolution of the tennis racquet Paper The effects of the evolution of the tennis racquet Paper The game has changed dramatically over the last 30 years with the advancement of racquets being the major factor, of which most of the tactical techniques are finally being based around. This is because the racquet technology is increasing the power at which players can hit the ball which is changing the game in terms of technique hugely. This has in particular helped the service dominate matches, often leading to very little break of serve; simply because the services can be so powerful that its near impossible for a player to return them at all/with any accuracy. The power at which the ball can now be hit is the major factor in terms of tactical changes by players and coaches in tennis, as in the 1980s players were struggling to reach 110mph yet with the modernization of the tennis racquet players are aiming to serve at 130-150 mph; which is obviously a dramatic increase and will obviously have to play a part in the tactics of the game.  A big change which has been noticed as new players have been coming through to be successful are the lack of serve volleyers, in particularly on the grass court. The only real successful player using the serve volley at the last Wimbledon was Tin Henman. This is because the players can hit the ball so hard from the baseline and get convincing and aesthetically pleasing winners that they dont need to serve and volley; then players who do try and use the serve volley tactics can easily be beaten by powerful shots from the baseline players. In particularly recently you can see the base line players coming out on top in all the tournaments and the over all rankings. For example in the rankings at the moment we can only really see one player ranking inside the top 10 that uses the serve volley tactic effectively; which is A. Agassi, although in comparison to players such as Tin Henman he uses the tactic rarely. The baseline players such as Federer, Safin, Ferrero and Roddick are dominating the tennis scene at the moment with their powerful services and powerful base line shots. Many people today argue that the evolution of the tennis racquet has gone too far and has made the sport too easy to win in very shot rallies and thus making it very boring in terms of a spectator sport. This is because the players can generate so much power and speed due too the advanced size, shape and materials of the racquet design that its now much easier for players to get aces or play shots which will easily pass the opponent. The introduction of rollers also benefits players massively as they work by distributing the force of the ball throughout the string bed rather than just he direct strings which had been struck by the ball; almost making the string bed act like one large string striking the ball rather than a bed of them. The string bed compresses much farther when the ball strikes it, this is said to make the string bed livelier; this not only increases the power of the shot but also reduces the effort of the shot and also the shock of this shot. The players have to keep up with the technology of the new racquets else they will be left at a distinct disadvantage to players who are utilising the technological advances. Although many people argue that some rules and regulations should be laid down to stop any further development of the tennis racquet as they argue that the game is becoming to boring to watch as the rallies are usually over in a 1, 2 or 3 shots. While this may be down to player skill its more likely that it is down to the development of the tennis racquet as in the 1980s and 1990s the average shots per rally were much higher than they are nowadays. To make the mens game in particular more exciting to the viewing public measures should be taken in order to reduce the power at which the ball can be hit; this will reduce the big servers advantage and make serve returns easier and thus making the rallies average length increase again. This could be done by putting limitations on the racquets which would cause a lot of complications and would be hard to standardise the racquets to meet each players need but still make them less powerful. Another much easier way of effectively slowing the game down and making it more aesthetically pleasing would be to change the type of balls used; as this would be simple to test and put into use in comparison to trying to change all the racquets which would cost much more money and cause a lot more hassle for tennis players and governing bodies. For example they could make the balls more absorbent and so absorbing some of the power from the racquet and making it travel slower and bounce less. Bibliography http://news.bbc.co.uk/.

The First Page

The First Page The First Page The First Page By Maeve Maddox One of the sessions at a writers conference I attended was set up like an episode of American Idol. Three New York agents played the part of the judges. Instead of performers, typed sheets of paper were the objects of their attention and wounding remarks. Conference participants submitted the first three pages of the novels they were working on. The agents said they would be able to tell from the first three pages whether or not the manuscript was worth reading further. In practice, none of the agents got past the first page of any 3-page submission. Some they read to the bottom of the first page, but then they started rejecting them before they got that far. Starts with dialogue. Toss. Starts with weather. Toss Theyre in an elevator! Toss Starts with a prologue! Toss. Then there was the submission that got tossed because the title had a misspelled word in it. If this writer cant bother to spell cemetery correctlyin the title, no lesswhy should I go any further with the rest of the manuscript?! Crumple, toss. That little demonstration makes me think that a writer must hook the reader with the first paragraph. Possibly even with the first sentence. Yes, there are plenty of successful novels that begin with prologues or weather, or dialogue. Theres probably at least one that begins in an elevator. Thats not the point. Agents have so many manuscripts coming at them that they develop reading habits to enable them to get through the slush at top speed. Anythinga misspelled word, faint type from a failing ink cartridge, an opening device the agent feels a personal dislike forcan send a manuscript plummeting into the waste basket. Agents want what readers want. Readers want a first paragraph that draws them into a world that already exists, not one that will be created as they go along. They want to find themselves in the midst of people who are involved in the life of that world, people they immediately want to know more about. Here are some opening lines from some novels chosen at random from my shelves. Would you want to read further? If so, why? (Diary format) 12th Day of September. I am commanded to write an account of my days: I am bit by fleas and plagued by family. That is all there is to say. -Catherine, Called Birdy, Karen Cushman. Mother died today. Or, maybe, yesterday; I cant be sure. -The Stranger, Albert Camus. When the power went I was finishing a ten-page report. My office turned black; the computer groaned to a halt. Helpless, I watched my words fade to a ghostly outline that glowed on the screen before vanishing, like the mocking grin of a Cheshire cat. -Tunnel Vision, Sara Paretsky. The small boys came early to the hanging. -Pillars of the Earth, Ken Follett. Renowned curator Jacques Saunià ¨re staggered through the vaulted archway of the museums Grand Gallery. -The DaVinci Code, Dan Brown. The early summer sky was the color of cat vomit. -Uglies, Scott Westerfeld. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph Examples40 Fish IdiomsList of Prefixes and Suffixes and their Meanings

Is bureaucracy irrational Reflect critically Essay

Is bureaucracy irrational Reflect critically - Essay Example Many large scale organizations follow a form of structure which is more systematic and legitimized policies. In fact, following a systematic structure in every organization is insisted by many of the management theorists, bureaucracy has gained significance among the development of theories and is frequently observed as a sub-section typical topic. The study of bureaucracy is studied as a new approach to organization and the business. Though the classical writers picked up their ideas and principles from practical experiences, their theories are also based on older basis of management concepts. Before we discuss about the rationality, we should know about Max Weber’s Bureaucracy and its key aspects. Max Weber is originally a German sociologist initiated a certain concern for bureaucratic structures in organization, when he was studying on power and authority as a main stream. This bureaucratic structure is the idea which to Weber almost came as a part of his study. He insisted that the key role played by the organization’s top decision makers brings about the change within the structure of management and also provided a steep rise to stable and standard administration procedures. The responsibilities and the tasks definitions played by the decision makers bring about these changes (Andreski, 2008). ... This social network of intellectuals in diverse disciplines helped create a flexible mind with the ability and tendency to take assorted points of view (Allan, 2005). The term bureaucracy has its own criticisms that it is not observed necessarily in depreciative formal organizations. Weber analyzed that bureaucracies’ are not the same quality followed in all organizations. He viewed a clear progress of bureaucracies are markedly visible as the profits of increasing in identifying order and level-headedness into the society and its life. Max Weber’s bureaucracy was one of the most successful organization structures in the last century and also regarded the perfection of bureaucracy. The key characteristics of bureaucracy are outlined below: Formal Hierarchy Every higher level in an organization controls the lower level, thus forming a hierarchy which forms a basis of centralized scheduling and decision building (Slattery, 2003). System of Structure: The rules and policie s made by the company permits decisions stated at high levels which in turn to be administered to the lower levels of the bureaucrats (Macionis, 2006). Work Specialization People are divided into several divisions on the basis of what kind of job they perform or the expertise they do. Work specialization allows people to do certain jobs in perfection (Macionis, 2006). Mission Focused Here, the purpose of the organization is of two means, focused above and focused below. If its main focus was to satisfy the suppliers, the panel or any group authorized it. If suppose, the focus lies towards serving the organization itself and some other internal processes like raising the profits high and approved

EU LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

EU LAW - Essay Example We will begin with a concise yet comprehensive overview of the European Union and will thoroughly address the evolution of the EU following the collapse of state-led communism in Eastern Europe. The European Union has undergone a variety of changes in the aftermath of the fall of the Soviet Union including expansion to the east through the Maastricht Treaty and proposed institutional change through the Treaty of Lisbon. Although it has not always been the case, modern-day Europe is characterized by a unifying democratic political culture. While the concept of democracy originated on its shores, the philosophy of democratic governance was challenged in 20th century Europe by authoritarian political movements, including fascism (expressed by Nazi Germany & Mussolini’s Italy), and communism (as exemplified in Eastern Europe during the Cold War). With Allied victory in World War II and the recent collapse of the Soviet Union, democracy – in varying degrees– is now a universal trend amongst European states. In fact liberal democracy, best expressed by the states of Western Europe with entrenched democratic traditions, is quickly becoming the standard for the continent. Democratic norms and rules have subsequently been established through a pan-European legal framework (see Almond et al 2002). Promoting widespread reform to the existing institutions of the European Union, the Treaty of Lisbon is an international multilateral agreement which would fundamentally alter the institutions and composition of this organization. Accordingly, Lisbon would supersede prior agreements enacted by this multinational organization and a represent significant institutional change to the EU. Seeped in controversy, the Treaty of Lisbon has yet to be ratified by all member states and thus remains on the backburner for most countries of the European Union. Accordingly, the countries which comprise the European Union have embraced

Psychology Essay Example for Free

Psychology Essay Operant conditioning is a form of learning that is environmentally gathered. Learn the skill, practice the skill, then step back and examine the results. Observational learning also called social learning. A person behavior is influenced by what happens to other people when ten bases they behave certain ways. The person who is learning does so by seeing responses are elicited by other behaviors. The person then bases their behavior on the lessons learned by watching what happens to the other people. Social learning is in social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction. The different kinds of learning can be utilized in the workplace: Operant conditioning: One of my coworkers is having trouble with understanding the job. So I voluntarily helped them out. That increases my reputation at work. After that I will get positive feedback from coworkers. Observational learning: At the workplace, it is forbidden to do something which you’ve never done before. That’s why, before you start working on something new; ask someone about that job to show you how to do it. So you can learn and be able to do it. Social learning: Advertisements, TV, internet shows because we observe them, then copy them. How is prejudice developed and nurtured through classical and operant conditioning? Give specific examples that demonstrate each kind of learning. Prejudice is a learned, generally negative attitude directed toward specific people solely because of their membership in an identified group. Prejudice is developed and nurtured through classical and operant conditioning from three elements. Affective (emotions about the group), behavioral (negative action toward members of the group) and cognitive (stereotypical beliefs about team members). People learn prejudice the same way they learn all attitudes through classical and operant conditioning. For example, repeated exposure to stereotypical portrayals of minorities and women on TV, in movies and in magazines teach children that such images are correct. Similarly hearing parents, friends and teachers express their prejudices also reinforce prejudice. 3. ) You are scheduled to present the result of your work on creating a new software program for your company. What memory techniques will you use in order to be free of too much dependence on notes and power point slides? Be specific as to how you will relate the technique to the content of the presentation Long –term memory: Encoding because it is elaborative rehearsal, the processing is more than visual. The three R’s registration, retention and retrieval. 4. ) Name and describe the three qualities of emotional intelligence according to Goleman. If you were interviewing applicants for a position in your company and wanted to know whether they had emotional intelligence, how would you go about discovering that? Would you do that in an interview or some other means? Posses self control of emotions such as anger, impulsiveness and anxiety. The ability to understand what others feel such as empathy. The ability to motivate oneself. I feel you can find a person emotional intelligence in an interview because a person can manage their emotions. They don’t get angry in stressful situations. They have the ability to look at a problem calmly and find a solution. I would go about discovering by asking questions or just observing how the questions are answered and giving different scenarios of a situations and pay attention to responses.

Who is the Greater Villain, Godfrey or Dunstan? :: Free Essay Writer

Who is the Greater Villain – Godfrey or Dunstan? My understanding of a villain is a wicked person or some one who tricks someone. In the dictionary a â€Å"villain† is defined as a person who is guilty or capable of great wickedness or a criminal. My impressions of Godfrey are that he is weak, however he also has qualities of a villain as well. Godfrey’s younger brother Dunstan is not like Godfrey and he us more like a villain than weak. My initial impressions of Godfrey were that he was a good person. This is shown in chapter 3, â€Å"Mr Godfrey, the eldest, a fine open – faced, good natured young man†. The first time he seemed weak was when he kept his marriage to Molly Farren a secret. This implies that he was weak - willed and usually unable to think of much beyond his immediate material comfort. He also allows Dunstan to blackmail him about his marriage. â€Å"â€Å"Well, Master Godfrey, what do you want with me?† said Dunsy in a mocking tone â€Å"Suppose, now, you get the money yourself, and save me the trouble, eh? †¦You’ll not refuse me the kindness to pay it back for me: it was the brotherly love made you do it, you know?†Ã¢â‚¬  This implies Dunsy is taking advantage over his brother and he also sounds like he is being sarcastic when he talks about brotherly love. Godfrey’s actions also back this idea up as he, â€Å"bit his lips and clenched his fist†. I Feel Dunsy is very villainous when he talks about being such â€Å"a good natured brother†. He also blackmails Godfrey when he says â€Å"You’ll take any trouble for me. You’ll get the hundred pounds for me – I know you will!† this seems like he is threatening Godfrey and instead of asking for the money he is demanding it like he is the master of Godfrey. I feel sorry for Godfrey when he starts quivering and explains that he â€Å"hasn’t got a shilling to bless his self with† this implies he is weak. Although Godfrey shows he is not as weak as it comes across because he threatens Dunsy, when Dunsy talks about her. Godfrey also didn’t want to go to mornings meet as it was near Batherley (which was the place where him and Molly Farren got married). Godfrey and Molly Farrens secret marriage is a good example of guilt and moral cowardice. Godfrey keeps the marriage a secret, as he knows that if his father (Squire Cass) finds out about it, he would disown him. The person Godfrey really loves is Nancy Lammeter and

Culture Collision Essay

Culture collisions has been both positive negative to those involved such as Columbus and his run in with the Natives Americans, French revolution and the Haitian slaves, and African Imperialism. In any culture, subculture, or family in which belief is valued above thought, and self-surrender is valued above self-expression, and conformity is valued above integrity, those who preserve their self-esteem are likely to be heroic exception. In the culture collisions I learned about most was trying to change others culture and views on life in this eassy I will give more backgrand on the positive and negatives of the collisions of new worlds like Columbus and the new American, Haitia revolution, and Africans new way of life. I start my culture collision with a young sailer by the name of Christopher Columbus and his run in with the Native Americans. Columbus sailed for Spain but was from Itialy. Columbus search was for spices. He thought by sailing west across the Atlantic it would bring a ship to Eastern Asia. His plans made sense, but columbus greatly underestimated earth’s size, and had no idea that two continents lay in his path. Once columbus got to the new world he call the natives, Indiains thinking he was in Asia. †As soon as I arrived in the Indies, on the first Island which I found, I took some of the natives by force in order that they might learn and might give me information of whatever there is in these parts†.(-christopher columbus 1492). After finding out that these people was not what they seem, Columbus and the Natives American made a treaty. The natives were good neighbood they tought Columbus how there lands works, and ways to serve the land. Columbus used this new found world to bring European, Americans, and African cultures together. Not only did he collied the culture he brought foods and animals. Even though the collision had good turn out there was a down fall of this collision with Columbus inhumain way of treating the Natives Americans. In two years, through murder, mutilation, or suicide, half of the 250,000 Indians on Haiti were dead.(-Zinn,). Columbus killed many of the Natives Americans after friending them. After they though him what he needed to know they was not use to him. Even though Columbus collied, the world at what cost was that to all the life’s he took. The next culture collisions was the revolution of Haiti and French,  starting with Napoleon against a free slave named Toussaint L’Ouverture. Haiti had heared to Enlightenment Thinkers talk of equal rights and thought that they should be intitled to the rights also. Napoleon started out as an Italian general and ended up being one of the greatest historical figures. First, Directors requested Napoleon’s support while organizing a coup d’etat. Then, Bonaparte fought Britain in order to benefit France. Lastly, he was called to help creating a new constitution and ended up as the First Consul of France. At home, he ruled using flattery, but also he strongly resisted the opposition. Napoleon is a pro-revolutionist because he denied all the privileges of the aristocracy, created a new constitution, and also established the Napoleonic Code.(-Brainard, 1998-2008)†Neapoleon was one of the greatest generals who ever lived. But at the end of the 18th century a self-educated slave with no military training drove napoleon out of Haiti and led his country to indepenence. The remarkable leader of this slave revolt was Toussaint Breda (later called toussaint l’ouverture, and sometimes the †black napoleon†). Slave revolts from this time normally ended in executions and failure, this time was different.†(-Brainard,1998-2008). Toussaint become the leader of the slaves rebellion. He successfully fought the French who were helped by succumbing to yellow fever in large numbers as well as invading Spanish and British( who wanted to take down napoleon for the beheading of the king and queen). After the French Revolution was in the hands of Jacobins, who leaded the Reign of Terror. So Napoleon and L’Ouverture agree to terms of peace by giving them there indepenence. A few months later l’ouverture was invited to come to a negotiating meeting will full safe conduct. When he got there napoleon betrayed the safe conduct and arrested him, putting him on a ship. Napoleon ordered that l’ouverture be placed in a prison dungeon in the mountains, and murdered by means of cold, starvation, and neglect. L’ouverture died in prison,(-Brainard, 1998-2008)but others carried on his fight and six months later napoleon gave up his fight. This collisions allowed the indepenence of haiti. In africa, Europeons wanted the copper,ivory, gold, and diamonds the africans held in there mines. African’s used slavery as a part of their everyday life. When the Europeans arrived overseas in Africa they were  intrigued by this idea of slavery. They felt that the African people were used to the hot weather and long and hard working days. They thought of the blacks as inferior as well. They needed people to do their labor in the New World and were sent over in the African Slave Trade (Corretti,1500-1800). Slavery had a different meaning in the New World than it did in Europe. People were considered chattel in the New World. This means that one human was the property of another human. The Europeans needed to find people to keep up with the labor on the plantations in the new world (Corretti, 1500-1800).Europeons capitalists carved up the continents in order to ensure their wealth. Many english, french, and germans travelled to make africans chistian. Europeons inslaved these africans and spilt families apart. Africans resistance to the imperialism. Shaka Zulu led the Zulu people againist the Boers and Brithish. Brilliantly fought off troops for 30 years. In the end Britin control Southen Africa. Yaa Asantewaa led the Asante Kingdom against the British in West Africa. Last battle in series of 100 years of war between Asante and England. Menelik the second led Ethiopia against Europeon colonists. Hired Europeons to teach them how to read and use Europeons weapons. In 1896, Ethiopia smashed the Italians; Ethiopia was never colonized.(-malone,2012) Beside ethiopia, the African Imperialism was a negitive culture collision it had no effects on the world in my eyes just the europeon mading others do there durty work. In conclusion, culture collisions privde to be both positive and negitive. Not one collisions had one with out the other, Columbus didn’t decover a New World but brought others together. But then again in his process of doing so he mistreated kind people and almost whiped out the native race. With the Haitian and French Revolution Napoleon ketp the haitain in slaved when he came to power. In the African Imperialism they inslave most of africa because of there industalition and need hard workers for little to no pay after the child labor laws. Well without any of these collisions we wouldn’t be living in the kind of world we do now.

Effective Speakers Essay

President William Jefferson Clinton, the 42nd President of the United States is a prime example of what it means to be an effective speaker. Although George H. W. Bush and Bob Dole were highly qualified opponents in the 1992 and 1996 elections, it was Clinton’s presentation skills and ability to work an audience that earned him his back-to-back terms in office. President Clinton â€Å"owned the room† from the beginning of his first presidential debate. Upon being asked his first question, Clinton walked up to the lady seeking answers, squared his shoulders toward her, looked her straight in the eye, and asked her to repeat her name. As soon as she responded with her name, Clinton repeated her name back to her and answered her question passionately and confidently. (Koegel, 2007, p. 06-07). Effective speakers can walk into a room, take the audience by surprise, and deliver a presentation that is both passionate and natural. A presenter does not have to be perfect, nor does the audience expect him or her to be so. According to Henninger (2010), making a mistake, forgetting a segment of your speech, or falling speechless for a moment is okay as long as your presentation has value. An effective speaker knows how to avoid gestures and facial expressions that point out his or her mistakes. Public speaking skills are not inherited. It is a talent and a technique that has become second hand to a speaker through a great deal of practice. Can anyone be an effective speaker? The answer to this question is yes; with sufficient knowledge, tools, and practice, anyone can stand up and â€Å"own the room. † Be Organized An exceptional presenter is one who is organized and an organized presentation is one that has a developed structure. The average human being has a very small attention span; therefore a speaker’s best speech is one that is short and to the point. At most, a good presentation only needs two or three main points. That’s really all the audience wants to hear anyway (Henninger, 2010). The audience is also more obligated to listen to a presenter who looks organized. First impressions are crucial when a presenter is trying to sell his or her ideas, services, or products. Thirty seconds of floundering before the audience can send a negative signal that suggests that the presenter is unprepared and can also create question as to whether or not the presenter is even confident in what it is he or she is trying to promote (Koegel, 2007, p. 45-46). A speaker only gets one impression, so he or she should strive to make it a positive one by looking and being organized. Speak Passionately A presenter must be passionate about his or her topic in order for the presentation to be persuasive. If a presenter is not passionate about the topic, then why should the audience even care about it? Many presenters are guilty of delivering lengthy presentations that painstakingly reinforce their topic. According to communication experts, the time on a presentation should be slimmed down and the energy should be boosted up (Layman, 2011). A presenter should be aware of his or her voice when delivering a speech. If one’s tone is droning and monotone, then the presenter can likely expect to look out into an audience that is either asleep or captivated with something other than the presentation on point. Speak up, speak from the heart, and speak with conviction. In keeping with Koegel (2007), a presenter’s voice is an outward expression of his or her passion. Engage the Audience A powerful speaker is one who can engage his or her audience. People do not particularly care to sit silently through an exhaustive presentation. Most audiences want to participate and be a part of it. One way to engage with the audience is to encourage audience participation. Meet with the audience before the presentation, learn a few of their names, and listen to comments that are being made. When delivering the presentation, the presenter can address these comments and call on audience members by name. Addressing the audience’s issues and demonstrating that time was taken to know them by name builds a relationship with the audience. It is significantly important to make eye contact with the audience as well. By looking people in the eye, a presenter enhances two-way communication as well as encourages and establishes trust and a congenial give and take relationship (Downey, 2011). Many speakers have been given the advice at one time or another to find an inanimate object, such as the wall in the back of the room, and focus in on it when delivering a presentation. By looking over the audience, the presenter can alleviate the anxiety that he or she may be experiencing, correct? Unfortunately, the wall in the back of the room is not going to be the one making the business decisions that day. The audience makes the decisions and if a speaker cannot talk to the audience, then the audience will more than likely seek business with someone who can. Act Natural An exceptional speaker always appears natural. If the speaker looks confidant and relaxed, then the audience will be relaxed. A presenter should stray from giving formal presentations overflowing with facts and statistics; try leaning towards a style that is more conversational, engaging, and full of illustrative stories and current events that relate to one’s topic. Telling a story or beginning a presentation with an anecdote is a good way to break the ice, ease a presenter’s anxiety, and engage the audience at the same time because telling stories is something that comes naturally to humans. However, be sure that the story or anecdote flows with the topic on point. An effective presentation should not sound scripted. Writing out the presentation is okay, but the speaker must then fight the temptation to read it word for word. The written word does not flow nor does it have the same approach as the spoken word. If a presenter feels obligated to write out his or her presentation and follow scripts, then he or she should be sure to lose the official tone and write in the manner that he or she speaks (Koegel, 2007, p. 122). Understand the Audience An effective speaker is one who can connect with his or her audience. According to Koegel (2007), understanding the business, issues, and concerns of the audience is an excellent way to achieve this goal. Before pitching a sales presentation, a presenter should research and thoroughly understand his audience. There are a number of ways one can achieve this, such as researching the company’s website to understand a firm’s morals, beliefs and objectives or another option would be to speak with employees within the organization prior to a meeting. As you present, you should look for opportunities to add value. Researching and understanding your audience is imperative and can present opportunities in which value can be added. An organization is more likely to listen and do business with a speaker who has demonstrated his or her knowledge of the company more so than a salesperson whose only preference is to acquire another sale. Once a speaker becomes familiar with the wants and needs of the audience, the presentation becomes much easier to craft (Mackay, 2011). Practice to Improve Humans are creatures of habit. The human body seeks comfort when placed in an uncomfortable situation. An example of this can be putting one’s hands in his or her pockets or looking down towards the floor. These minute gestures speak on behalf of the presenter and inform the audience that the speaker is uneasy about something. Without practice, a speaker cannot improve on these habits. There are many opportunities during the day to put into practice various speaking techniques. These skills should be practiced during one’s daily routine and not in â€Å"live† win-or-lose situations (Koegel, 2007, p. 6). If a speaker is in need of further assistance, he or she can hire a presentation coach. Effective speaking is not something one inherits at birth; it is a talent that is achieved through hard work and consistent practice. There is no reason to feel ashamed for asking for external help. Baseball great Hank Aaron batted cross handed until a batting coach corrected his style that led him to break Babe Ruth’s home run record. To Aaron and his colleagues, his hitting style before was satisfactory, yet it is often easier and beneficial to receive constructive criticism from outsiders instead of one’s own employees or colleagues (Porro, 2011). The point of this story is that even when someone is good at something already, that person is still not perfect. Practice, whether it is on one’s own time or through the assistance of a presentation coach, may not make a presenter a perfect speaker, but it opens the door for improvement and will make delivering a speech second nature to the presenter. By allowing one’s self to practice these techniques, it is then that the speaker becomes effective.

Free Essays on Alexander Graham Bell

Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone grew out of his research into ways to improve the telegraph. His soul purpose was to help the deaf hear again. Alexander Graham Bell was not trying to invent the telephone, he was just trying to help out people in need. Young Alexander Graham Bell, Aleck as his family knew him, began reading and writing at an extremely young age. Bell’s family was told of his insistence upon mailing a letter to a family friend well before he had grasped any understanding of the alphabet. As he matured, Aleck displayed what came to be known as a Bell family trademarkan expressive, flexible, and resonant speaking voice. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, the inventor spent one year at a private school, two years at Edinburgh's Royal High School (from which he graduated at 14), and attended a few lectures at Edinburgh University and at University College in London, but he was largely family-trained and self-taught. He moved to the United States, settling in Boston, before beginning his career as an inventor. With each passing year, Alexander Graham Bell's intellectual horizons broadened. By the time he was 16, he was teaching music and evolution at a boy's boarding school. He and his brothers, Melville and Edward, tra veled throughout Scotland impressing audiences with demonstrations of their father's Visible Speech techniques. Visible Speech was invented by their father but he didn’t have much luck with it. It is a technique were ever sound that comes out of a persons mouth can be represented with a visual character. In 1871, Bell began giving instruction in Visible Speech at the Boston School for Deaf Mutes. Attempting to teach deaf children to speak was considered revolutionary. Bell's work with his deaf students in Boston would prove to be a watershed event in his life. One of his pupils, Mabel Hubbard, was the daughter of a manGardiner Greene Hubbard who would go on to play a vital role in ... Free Essays on Alexander Graham Bell Free Essays on Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone grew out of his research into ways to improve the telegraph. His soul purpose was to help the deaf hear again. Alexander Graham Bell was not trying to invent the telephone, he was just trying to help out people in need. Young Alexander Graham Bell, Aleck as his family knew him, began reading and writing at an extremely young age. Bell’s family was told of his insistence upon mailing a letter to a family friend well before he had grasped any understanding of the alphabet. As he matured, Aleck displayed what came to be known as a Bell family trademarkan expressive, flexible, and resonant speaking voice. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, the inventor spent one year at a private school, two years at Edinburgh's Royal High School (from which he graduated at 14), and attended a few lectures at Edinburgh University and at University College in London, but he was largely family-trained and self-taught. He moved to the United States, settling in Boston, before beginning his career as an inventor. With each passing year, Alexander Graham Bell's intellectual horizons broadened. By the time he was 16, he was teaching music and evolution at a boy's boarding school. He and his brothers, Melville and Edwar d, traveled throughout Scotland impressing audiences with demonstrations of their father's Visible Speech techniques. Visible Speech was invented by their father but he didn’t have much luck with it. It is a technique were ever sound that comes out of a persons mouth can be represented with a visual character. In 1871, Bell began giving instruction in Visible Speech at the Boston School for Deaf Mutes. Attempting to teach deaf children to speak was considered revolutionary. Bell's work with his deaf students in Boston would prove to be a watershed event in his life. One of his pupils, Mabel Hubbard, was the daughter of a manGardiner Greene Hubbard who would go on to play a vital role in ...

How to Choose a Building Lot for Your New House

How to Choose a Building Lot for Your New House Youre building a house. Which do you do first? 1. Select a style and a plan OR 2. Select a building lot? Both approaches have merit. If your heart is set on a Spanish style adobe home, a heavily treed lot may not make sense for you. Having an idea of the architectural style you prefer will determine the size and characteristics of your building site. You may run into problems, however, if you select a specific floor plan too soon. You can always design a home to suit a landscape, but you may not be able to alter a landscape to accommodate the specifications of predetermined house plans. The configuration of rooms, the placement of windows, the location of the driveway and many other design elements will be affected by the land you build on. The land itself has long been the inspiration for truly great homes. Consider Frank Lloyd Wrights Fallingwater. Constructed of concrete slabs, the house is anchored to a rugged stone hill in Mill Run, Pennsylvania. Compare Fallingwater with Mies van der Rohes Farnsworth House. Made almost entirely of transparent glass, this unearthly structure seems to float above a grassy plain in Plano, Illinois. Would the Farnsworth House seem as graceful and serene perched on a rocky hill? Would Fallingwater make such a powerful statement if it sat in a grass field? Probably not. Questions to Ask About Your Building Lot Once you have located a promising building site for your new home, spend some time on the building site. Walk the full length of the building site at different times of the day. If you are a follower of feng shui, you may want to think about the land in terms of its chi, or energy. If you prefer a more down-to-earth evaluation, think about ways the building site will influence the shape and style of your home. Ask yourself: What are the general characteristics of the land? Is it green and woodsy? Rocky and gray? Or, is it a vast open stretch with a golden hue? Will the prevailing colors of the landscape change with the seasons? Will the home you imagine blend with the landscape? Does the landscape suggest particular colors or materials you might include in the design of your home?Can other structures be clearly seen from the building lot? What is the prevailing architectural style? Will your proposed home fit the overall context of the neighborhood?Will the size of your proposed house be proportionate to the size of the lot? (You dont want to squeeze a mansion onto a postage stamp!)Is there a street or road? Should the house face toward or away from the road?Where should the driveway be located? Will there be enough room for cars and delivery trucks to turn around?Where are the most pleasing views? Where does the sun rise and set? Which views would you like to see from the living areas? From the kitchen ? From the bedrooms? Where should windows and doors be placed? If you are in a northern climate, how important is it to face the south? Will a southern exposure help you save on heating costs?Is the site flat? Are there hills or streams? Are there any other geological conditions that might affect the design or placement of your home?How much landscaping will be required? Will preparing the land for building and planting trees and shrubbery add to your final costs? The waterfall views at Fallingwater may look idyllic, but for most of us, building on a rocky hillside isnt practical. You want the site of your new home to be beautiful, but it must also be safe... and affordable. Before you make a final decision, youll need to consider a mind-boggling list of technical details. Check Your Building Lot For Common Problems As you narrow your search for an ideal building site, dont scrimp on getting expert advice on home building. Your builder can put you in touch with consultants with the legal and scientific expertise to offer building advice. Your consultants will investigate the characteristics of the land and explore zoning, building codes and other factors. Land Conditions Soil. Has the property been a victim of hazardous waste? Are there pollutants that may not be apparent to an untrained observer?Land Stability. Is the property is subject to land slides or sinkages?Water Drainage. Is the property located near a river? Are there hills or low spots which may make your home subject to water runoff? Err on the side of caution. Even Mies van der Rohe made a grievous mistake. He placed the Farnsworth House too close to a stream, and his masterpiece suffered serious flood damage as a result.Noise. Is there a nearby airport, highway, or railroad? How disruptive is it? Zoning, Building Codes and More Zoning. In five years, your beautiful views may be replaced by a highway or a housing development. Zoning regulations will indicate what may be legally constructed in the surrounding area.Building Codes. A variety of ordinances will affect the placement of your new home on the lot. Regulations will specify how close you can build to the property line, roads, streams, and lakes.Easements. Easements for electrical and telephone poles will limit the space you have for building your home.Public Utilities. Unless the property is in a development of suburban tract homes, there may not be easy access to electricity, gas, telephone, cable television or public water lines. Sewers. If there are no municipal sewers, youll need to know where you may legally place your septic system. Costs You may be tempted to skimp on the cost of your land so that you can spend more money on building your house. Dont. The cost of altering an unsuitable lot is likely to be more expensive than purchasing land that is meets your needs and your dreams. How much should you spend on a building lot? There are exceptions, but in most communities your land will represent 20% to 25% of your total building costs. Advice From Frank Lloyd Wright Building a house is often the easy part. Making decisions is stressful. In Wrights book The Natural House (Horizon, 1954), the master architect gives this advice on where to build: When selecting a site for your house, there is always the question of how close to the city you should be, and that depends on what kind of slave you are. The best thing to do is go as far out as you can get. Avoid the suburbs- dormitory towns- by all means. Go way out into the country- what you regard as too far- and when others follow, as they will (if procreation keeps up), move on.~p. 134

The Role and Issues of Performance Management in Compensation Term Paper

The Role and Issues of Performance Management in Compensation Decisions - Term Paper Example Apart from the impact that performance management can confer towards the organization, other essential issues associated with performance management will also be discussed in this paper. Effectiveness of Performance Management towards Compensating Decisions Performance management is such a phenomenon, the effective implementation of which leads towards creation of appropriate environment for strategic management in Coca-Cola on a global basis. Effectiveness of performance management assists in evaluating as to whether the performances of the employees are in accordance with the standard level set for their performance. The process of performance management duly takes into consideration the regular review of the results being achieved through performance of the employees of Coca-Cola. In the modern context, not only the results, the behaviors of the employees towards their peers and senior members are also reviewed. Moreover, the attitudes, skills, features and manners are also evalua ted through the approaches of performance management. ... Performance Management and Organizational Objectives The concept of performance management can be directly aligned with specific objectives of the organizations. The process of alignment can be effectively accomplished mainly thorough three fundamental areas within the company i.e. Coca-Cola in this case. These are the alignment among various divisions or departments within the organization, alignment among capabilities of the workforce within the organization and alignment among financial performance of the organization in various dimensions. Throughout the conduction of the process of these three essential alignment processes, the performance management aspects get associated with the specific organizational objectives. There are a number of functions that the organizations can effectively undertake after effective implementation of performance management that ultimately assists the organization in achieving its strategic goals (Schuster, 2010). The results of performance managemen t help in recruiting and appointing skilled and efficient staffs for Coca-Cola. Compensating planning can be accomplished in the most competent manner through proper evaluation of the results of performance management. The incentives for the employees are successfully calculated for the employees through performance management. Learning management can even be planned within the organization as a result of implementation of performance management. The impact of performance management upon the above mentioned list of activities, aimed at the fulfillment of organizational objectives, is actually the indication that the performance management has been effectively implemented within the selected organization (Schuster, 2010). Favorable Condition for

American desire to modernise third world countries fuelled the Vietnam Research Paper

American desire to modernise third world countries fuelled the Vietnam war - Research Paper Example Therefore third world countries such as Vietnam rebelled because it needed more freedom and political independence (Darby 2007). Mark Berger, in his article: â€Å"Decolonisation, modernization and nation building† explains that the US fused pacification and modernization theory in its search for the appropriate combination of civil and security reforms in the hamlets of Vietnam. The US sought a coherent plan to jumpstart the economic and social development in Vietnam. The military was perceived to play a major role in modernization and pacification. This was because the US believed that security was a precondition for growth and sustained development (Escobar 2005). As such, the US built and strengthened the Vietnamese army over the period of modernization and economic intervention. The army was trained in US military bases on how to keep peace and fight insecurities in all areas of the country. The US combined efforts with the United Nations Security Council in strengthening the army. This resulted in capable armed forces that kept the country secure. With time, the Vietnamese army became powerful and needed to gain autonomy from the US policies and intervention. The army manufactured its own military weapons and was able to fund its own programs. This made it easy to wage the Vietnam War and resist US imperialism. The article further argues that modernization theory gained policy and academic prominence in Vietnam.

Describe the mechanisms by which astrocytes control the neutronal Essay

Describe the mechanisms by which astrocytes control the neutronal environment and, using appropriate examples, discuss their importance for neuronal function in health and disease - Essay Example In this article, the role of astrocytes in maintaining the neuronal environment in the brain has been explored with reference to health and disease in human beings. Astrocytes are a type glial cells in the brain and the spinal cord which are star-shaped. They are also known as astrocytic glial cells. They serve many functions, the most important of which are nutrient supply to nervous tissue, biochemical support of endothelial cells which form the blood-brain barrier, maintenance of the balance of the extracellular ions and taking part in the process of repair and regeneration of the central nervous system following various injuries (Magistretti and Ransom, 2008). There re mainly 3 forms of astrocytes. They are fibrous astrocytes, protoplasmic astrocytes and radial astrocytes. Fibrous astrocytes are basically positioned in the white matter. They have few organelles. The cellular processes are 50-60 in number, long and unbranched (Magistretti and Ransom, 2008). When in close proximity, they physically connect the cells to the outerside of the capillary wall. The protoplasmic astrocytes are mainly found in the grey matter of the brain. In contras t to the fibrous cells, they have many organelles and have short, stubby and severely branched cellular processes. These processes are in contact with the blood vessels and also the pial surface. They also surround the neurons. The end-feet of these astrocytes cover the intraparenchymal surface completely and express glucose transporters Glu T type-1 (Magistretti and Ransom, 2008). Thus these cells predominantly function to take-up glucose. Fibrous astrocytes contain more intermediate filaments than protoplasmic astrocytes. The radial glia are mainly found in the vicinity of the ventricles. While some processes abut the piamater, other processes lie deep inside the gray mater. Some examples of radial astrocytes are Bergmann glia cells and Mueller cells of the retina.

Sustainable competitive advantage

Sustainable competitive advantage 1. Introduction to the Topic: Over the years, the understanding of how a firm can attain and maintain sustainable competitive advantage is major area of research in the field of management. Sustainable competitive advantage is an edge a firm enjoy over its competitors by offering superior values to customer that result in superior profit and growth. Building on these underlined assumption this dissertation the link between a firms success and the competitive advantage. The paper examine the role human resource strategies that leads an organization to enjoy competitive advantage that are sustainable, non-imitable, substantial and that adds superior values to the organization by providing opportunities to the organization to reap the benefits of super profit and market growth. An organisation is regarded as a unified organism that constantly learns and adopts to find better ways of doing its business processes in response to the dynamic environment it faces. Human resource management is a critical area of concern in today dynamic business environment, due to increased competition. It now more difficult to hire and retain highly qualified associates as the growth and profitability of the organization depends on how well the organization managed it human resources. According to Newman and Hodgetts, â€Å"human resource management is the process by which organization ensure the effective use of their associates in the pursuit of both organizational and individual goals† (Newman Hodgetts, 2005). In this paper efforts are made to analyze the varied human resource functions that an organization perform in pursuits of its goals and missions, and how these efforts might lead an organization to competitive advantage, as the success or failure of the organi sation depends on how best the organisation performs its functions as compared to a competitor (Competitive Advantage). In fact the long-term survival of the organisation depends on how best the HR department of the organisation performs its various functions that leads towards creating a competitive advantage over its rivals and how it sustains it. 2. Literature Review: Coff argues that human capital is the key to sustainable advantage because of causal ambiguity and systematic information creating them incomparable (Coff, 1994). According to Boselie and Paauwe (2004), top performing firms has HR professionals who have the main input in the strategic planning. These professionals make possible the change management, shape and manage organisation wide culture, contribute to strategic level decisions, and create market led connectivity of the business process (Boselie Paauwe, 2004). Researchers in the field of strategic HR have emphasised that human resource practices result in superior organisational performance and create sources for continued competitive advantages (Wright, Dunford, Snell, 2001). As the world has become a global village, competing in todays confused environment have posed additional challenges to the HR function in creating the anticipated value to shape and uphold competitive advantages. For effective functioning, HR executives must possess the necessary competencies. That is the possession of HR knowhow which comes from knowing the concepts, communication skills, judgment, research, and practices ofHR (Brockbank, Ulrich, Beatty, 1999) Du Plessis states that HR can play a vital role in the future of an organisation by enacting organisational change to get competitive advantage (Plessis, 2007). He is also of the opinion that resistance to change can serve as an obstacle for successful execution of planned changes, as it encompasses behaviours that may slow down or even terminate a planned organisational change. If the organisation uses an appropriate HR strategy during the period of change, an employee may feel that he is being treated and looked after by the organisation. If such sort of feelings arouse in employees it can change the employees attitude and their resistance towards the planned change. Peters and Waterman in their book â€Å"In search of excellence† says that all the excellent organisations that they have surveyed made efficient use of their HR, by employing sound HR strategies (Peter Waterman, 1982). According to Losey technology is advancing so rapidly that it is forcing organisations to c hange their strategies, in respect to product mix and the way HR is organized and delivered (Losey, 2005). 3. Overview of the Organization: Crossroads Inc. has been formed as a result of merger between Tradco and Hardpharm is a pharmaceutical company that is dedicated to the productions and marketing of quality pharmaceutical products. The merger that we have just is the largest transformation in the history of the organization and provides us with a platform, in terms of capital and other resources, to compete at a higher level. Crossroads Inc. is a medium-sized organisation, with 1,500 workers employed at three sites: one in Scotland, County Durham, and Kent. Crossroads Inc. develops and produces medicines for the global market in competition with industry giants such as Bosch, Pfizer, Lilly, gsk etc. 4. HR Planning Forecasting Planning forecasting in the modern age is a matter of life death for organizations of modern age. The same is true for pharmaceuticals industry. Each every consecutive day new research product is developed, deployed for trails testing. All these effort require skilful, trained and experienced workforce. It is for this reason organization plan and forecast for human resource so as to remain competitive. The HR manager of Crossroads Inc should use the planning forecasting procedures to cope with human resource requirement. The propose HR planning process for Crossroads Inco has been depicted Crossroad Inc can use the process for both short-term as well as long-term basis. Crossroad Inc should continuously monitor the availability of skill workers. For this purpose Crossroad Inc should scan internal environment to find out suitable employee and promote to fill the vacancy, if there are no such employees available, then HR Department should scan external environment for skilled and experienced employees. Once the internal environment along with external environment is scanned, a draft forecast should be prepared. 5. Recruitment and Selection: Once the forecast is developed and approved by the top management, the HR department of Crossroads Inc should start recruitment and selection process to fill the vacancies. Like all good plans, HR Manager of Crossroad Inc should builds employment plans on premises basic assumptions for employment requirement by forecasting three things: The supply of inside candidates; Personnel needs; The supply of outside candidates according to their company requirements. The HR department should first check that either there is any job placement or company is expanding their business so that new jobs are open for new candidates. These issues should be tackled by the HR Manger. If staff is required then the company should try to find them inside the company by upgrading their employees if it not possible then new jobs are created and fill by the outside market. The overall aims of the recruitment and selection process in Crossroad Inc should be to obtain, at minimum cost, the number and quality of employees required to satisfy the needs of staff requirement. The three stages of recruitment and selection in Crossroad Inc should be: Defining requirements: Preparing job descriptions and specifications; deciding terms and conditions of employment; Attracting candidates: Reviewing and evaluating alternative sources of applicants, inside and outside the company, advertising; Selecting candidates: Sifting applications, interviewing, testing, assessing candidates, offering employment, obtaining references; preparing contracts of employment. 6. Training and Development: Training is one of the most important tool any organization using to cope with the rapid change in technology and way of doing business. According to Newman and Hodgetts, â€Å"training is the process of providing associates with specific skills or helping them correct deficiencies in their current performance (Newman Hodgets, 2005). HR department of Crossroads Inc should be responsible for the training and development of existing as well as new coming employees. When a new employee is selected, an orientation of the new employees should be conducted Orientation is basically a one to two hour activity in which the new employees should be informed about the organizational structure, term conditions of employment, the duties of incumbent, the ethical behavioural requirement for the new employee and the so. New or existing employees are trained in HR department via three methods. Employees Handbook Training by concerned department Manager. Training visits to other pharmaceuticals. Tradco tends to largely focus on the needs of the technicians and scientists, and give them right to make decision of employ. However the training programs that HARDPHARM has traditionally used have some problems. In order to reduce the cost, employers are trying to hire labour in with low wage, and then what they have got is low quality staff. Ignoring the development of technology is the main problem. All these people will get together in the future, for the sake of the new company. The period of training should not be specified and should depend on individual circumstances. In some cases it should cover a week and sometimes it should be extended up to 6 months. The process of training should be initiated by first going through the process of training need assessments. The training needs assessment find out the deficiency in the current level of skills the employee possessed and the skills that a job required. For filling up the gape an organization designed its training and development programmes. A planning process is being implemented in which Crossroads Inc can ensure the proper training, awareness and competence development of people. The objective is to provide people with knowledge and skill, which, together with experience, improve their competence and capabilities. Crossroads should establish and maintains a procedure to ensure proper capabilities of personnel working. This includes: Identification of competency needs for personnel performing activities affecting quality. Providing training or take other actions to address identified needs. Evaluating effectiveness of the training provided. Ensuring that employees are aware of the relevance and importance of their activities and how they contribute to the achievement of the quality objectives. Maintaining appropriate records of education, experience, training and qualification. Training needs for Crossroads Inc should be based on the following different methods: Performance Analysis: What tasks the analyst is currently performing? how can the current performance be improved? Is training the best method? Job Task Analysis: What is the best way to do analysis? How can analysis process are broken down into small steps? According to Newman and Hodgetts development is the process of â€Å"providing associates with the experience and attitudes needed for success in the future† (Newman Hodgetts, 2005). The management of Crossroads Inc should constantly monitor the latest development in the field of pharmaceuticals and should design its various development programs accordingly. By this was the HR department will not only transmit the needed knowledge and skills to various employees but will also pave the way for the change management process. Training and development should serve as an investment in the form of human capital for Crossroads Inc. The process will not only facilitate the goal achievement but will also serves as potential source of loyalty across the organization. The new company should understand that the training and development program should be designed by utilizing the latest available methods that has proved its efficiency in the pharmaceutical firm. 7. The Pay and Reward: The pay and reward system of Tradco that was a family-owned business by MacHutton, was largely focus to meet the needs of staff, so the workforce regard as main stakeholders in the company, and to be an important role in the company as well. However, HaedPharm is a company that established as a facility of a group of venture capitalists. This firm put more attention to its various stakeholders including employee and management. They are trying to get maximum return and lowest cost. It is clear that these two organizations are stand on the different side of the point of view of benefit of staff. In the interest of the new company, all of these two should change their pay and reward system. The Crossroads Inc should use the proper remuneration system that is fair to both the company and employee. The organization should variety of remuneration system including monthly salaries, straight commission, combination of salary and commission coupled with monthly, quarterly and annual bonuses. When the organization will have a fair remuneration system it will ensure the proper motivation across the organization and the organization will be able to achieve its goals and objectives effectively and efficiently. 8. Union Relation: Unions serve important purpose by working as a link between the labour and the organization. Generally, trade unions are recognized for collective bargaining purpose, and communication between employer and employee. In Tradco, unions playing a good role between employer and employee, more than 50% workers are members of labour union. In the past 15 years, only one sympathy walk-out happened. On the contrary, unions in HardPharm are not as popular as Tradco. A very small number of employees are members of the unions as the company discourage unionization. After merger the unions will serve an important role in the new firm. Like what happens in former companies, if managers want corporation to manage the affairs of the company in appropriate manner, they have to adjust the relationship between unions and staff. The top management of the newly merged company must admit that union is a necessary and vital component of the organization process, they should talk with unions. If the organization failed to admire the role and relationship between the organization and union, the hostile relationship will serve as impediment for the company development. Contemporary, if there are no unions, or company does not recognize unions, then leaders would not know the needs of staff, they could not adjust the management detail. It will affect the development of company in the long run and the company will not be able to achieve its goals and objectives effectively and efficiently. 9. Career Management: Crossroads Inc should consistently monitor its employees and should proper strategic plan through which it increases the skill level of its employees. To achieve this objectives the company should arrange workshops, seminars, visit of key employees to other pharmaceutical industries training courses which will focus on injecting skills and professionalism into employees. These courses will help Crossroads Inc to improve the skills of their employees so that not only company can get maximum out of them but also employees can enrich their nature of job and life standard as well. Along with these training programs, Crossroads Inc should make their employees fully aware of their job requirements by mean of job descriptions so that they can develop a clear picture about at what are necessary requirement of their job and want are not. Indirectly the promotions, transfer to other department also plays a key role in employees job satisfaction. 10. Performance Appraisal: Employees job performance is an important issue for all employers. A performance management system consists of the processes used to identify, encourage, measure, evaluate, improve, and reward employee performance at work. Every functional department of Crossroads Inc should be responsible for carrying out and preparing its performance appraisal report. However these reports must be submitted to HR Department. The performance appraisal system in the company will help the organization to better focus its efforts on the attainment of the organizational goals and objectives by giving timely feedback regarding an individual employee that how best he is going to achieve his objectives. This will also help him to rectify his shortcoming. Moreover the use of appropriate performance appraisal system that is just, equitable and timely serve as a motivating factors and one of the vital component of the successful organization. 11. Conclusion: The Crossroad Inc is taking turning point towards a bright future in which a lot of opportunities might be available for the organization; however the organization still faces a lot of challenges. Crossroads Inc should focus on finding incremental change in its organizing process. The incremental change is change that the Crossroad Inc will undergo through in the natural evolution process. For Crossroad Inc the incremental change process may take the form of introducing new HR system and process (as proposed above) that will augment the organization performance further and help the organization to get competitive advantage over its competitors. But in order to experience this incremental change the organization must be able to constantly monitor and evaluate the environmental forces and take actions in response to change that will provide opportunities to the organization and minimizes its threats. The organization must possessed the needed intellectual capital (Human Resources), who should be able adapt the organization policies according to the demand of the environment. These manager and leaders are known as change agent. According to Robbins Judge, â€Å"change agents are individuals and groups who lead and support the change process by taking responsibility for changing the existing behavior patterns of other people or the social system (Robbins Judge, 2005)†. Furthermore Crossroad Inc should established fair paying and reward system that best on justice and efforts. The organization should also facilitate the creation and execution the labour union approach that will serve as joining link between the organization and its workers. Moreover the Crossroad Inc should invest in its corporate cultures that are going to be form through the merger of two opposite culture. The organization should see this as opportunity to form a strong culture by initiating the proper change. Though training and development could be in progress in short term, the purpose is difficult to achieve at once. Therefore Crossroad Inc should adapt the medium or long-term training and development program for various functional department of the organization. Crossroad Inc can create a positive impact due to the fact that formation of the organization is the result of merger between two different companies who have two different management styles, corporate culture, traditions and workforce management system. Hence, the HR department assume a leading role in shaping the values of employees by creating an organization-wide culture that is based on shared values that will help the organization to realize its mission in the most coherent way. Works Cited Boselie, P., Paauwe, J. (2004). Human Resource Function Competencies in European Companies. Journal of Management , 120-122. Brockbank, W., Ulrich, D., Beatty, R. (1999). The Professional Devlopment: Creating the Future Creators at the University of Michigan Business School. Human Resource Management 38(2) , 111-118. Coff, R. (1994). Human Assets and organziation Control: Implication of the resource-based view. John M. Olin School of Business , Washington University. Losey, M. (2005). Future of Human Resource Management: Leaders Explore the Critical HR Issues of Today and Tommorrow. New Jersy: John Wiley Sons . Newman, D. R., Hodgets, R. M. (2005). Human Resource Management: A Customer Oriented Approach. USA: Prentice Hall Publishers. Newman, D. R., Hodgetts, R. M. (2005). Human Resource Management: A Customer Oriented Approach. USA: Prentice Hall. Peter, T. J., Waterman, R. (1982). In Search of Exchellence. New York: Waner Books. Plessis, D. (2007). Change, Organziational Devleopment and Culture: Human Resource Managements Role in the Future of South Africa. International Review of Business Research Papers 3(1) , 1-10. Robbins, Judge. (2005). Organizational Behavior. USA: Pearson. Wright, P., Dunford, B., Snell, S. (2001). Human Resource and the Resource Based View of the Firm. Journal of Management 27 , 701-721.

Essays --

Bierce had every reader on the edge of their seat awaiting Peyton Farquhar success in his escape. â€Å"If I could free my hands, I might throw off the noose and spring into the stream"(399). Peyton Farquhar thought this in â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge† as he awaited his execution. It is the start of his unconscious plans to escape his death and it highlights the important theme of reality verses illusion, the death, and the deception that leads to Peyton Farquhar’s death. Ambrose Bierce "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge," written in 1890 is about a man named Peyton Farquhar whose escape is widely believable. Although this short story is fiction, it is suspenseful and keeps the reader on the edge of their seat. It is very possible for the reader to be so wrapped up in the desire for Peyton's escape. The story was told as if he were escaping, "He was not conscious of an effort, but a sharp pain in his wrist apprised him that he was trying to free his hands." statements such as this one gave off a direct thought that escaping was exactly what he was doing. The story goes on to give detailed information about his struggle to free himself and his efforts to make it home. By the end of the story the reader is still attached to the idea that this escape was in fact real and successful. The story starts off in Alabama around the Civil War time, where Farquhar is placed on a bridge with his executioners as he awaits his death. In Sharon Talley’s article â€Å"Visions of the Night† she suggest that Bierce was obsessed with death, and the Civil War due to him himself being a civil war soldier. She also felt that he understood the importance of dreams and their connection to the unconsci ous, most importantly the fear of death. In â€Å"Ow... ... (405). The reader took the details and formed them with their initial thoughts of escape, never putting the context clues together and realizing that he actually never escaped at all. â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge† shows to be an interesting, dramatic breath taking story with a hopeful main character who was determined to not live in the moment of his current situation. Bierce did a great job of turning Peyton Farquhar’s illusions into reality for the reader’s. Peyton’s illusions came from the fact that he could not face his reality of his death and this was the only way he could cope with it, his psychological succeeds at everything his physical could not. Throughout the entire story, it is nearly impossible to draw the line between what is real and what is being made up by Peyton, the reader is totally submerged into his illusions, deeming them as reality. Essays -- Bierce had every reader on the edge of their seat awaiting Peyton Farquhar success in his escape. â€Å"If I could free my hands, I might throw off the noose and spring into the stream"(399). Peyton Farquhar thought this in â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge† as he awaited his execution. It is the start of his unconscious plans to escape his death and it highlights the important theme of reality verses illusion, the death, and the deception that leads to Peyton Farquhar’s death. Ambrose Bierce "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge," written in 1890 is about a man named Peyton Farquhar whose escape is widely believable. Although this short story is fiction, it is suspenseful and keeps the reader on the edge of their seat. It is very possible for the reader to be so wrapped up in the desire for Peyton's escape. The story was told as if he were escaping, "He was not conscious of an effort, but a sharp pain in his wrist apprised him that he was trying to free his hands." statements such as this one gave off a direct thought that escaping was exactly what he was doing. The story goes on to give detailed information about his struggle to free himself and his efforts to make it home. By the end of the story the reader is still attached to the idea that this escape was in fact real and successful. The story starts off in Alabama around the Civil War time, where Farquhar is placed on a bridge with his executioners as he awaits his death. In Sharon Talley’s article â€Å"Visions of the Night† she suggest that Bierce was obsessed with death, and the Civil War due to him himself being a civil war soldier. She also felt that he understood the importance of dreams and their connection to the unconsci ous, most importantly the fear of death. In â€Å"Ow... ... (405). The reader took the details and formed them with their initial thoughts of escape, never putting the context clues together and realizing that he actually never escaped at all. â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge† shows to be an interesting, dramatic breath taking story with a hopeful main character who was determined to not live in the moment of his current situation. Bierce did a great job of turning Peyton Farquhar’s illusions into reality for the reader’s. Peyton’s illusions came from the fact that he could not face his reality of his death and this was the only way he could cope with it, his psychological succeeds at everything his physical could not. Throughout the entire story, it is nearly impossible to draw the line between what is real and what is being made up by Peyton, the reader is totally submerged into his illusions, deeming them as reality.